Browsing is another way to enlarge knowledge

Browsing is a searching and reading sources activity with many references from a link to another link on the internet which is not an old stuff anymore in students’ daily activities. How does it come? When they have an assignment that gets them to find some sources as their reference beside the book, they can browse it as much as they want on the internet. Internet is a server web that provides many sources, data, and files with some browser. “Browser is a program on the computer that allows us to search and find out the data” (smith 1) such as: Mozilla Fireforks, Internet Explorer, Opera, Google Chrome and many more. Browsing on the internet is very easy because we just click on a certain link that will bring us into another link in the text. It gets connect to hypertext because of the similar way, that is find out the sources through the related link which is contain a lot of link and it is called hyperlink. However many people does not realize that browsing is a way to apply hypertext in daily because it can sharpen our literacy by interacting with internet and technology.

Everyone can browse everything on the internet. It is not only browse the data or files in text form but also in mixed form such as text and music, music and video, text and video for example; pictures, mp3, video, games and many more. Browsing activity is an applying hypertext, so how is it connected? Actually both of it has a relationship like “open the door before we enter the house”, without the door we cannot enter the house. The door is considered as a link. When we, as a user look for the sources or information, we need to type our keywords or the specific clues first about our topic on the search engine. If we have pressed the “Enter”, directly the internet will give us so lots of choices which door that we want to enter. Then, we click a link that I am absolutely it contents another related link in it or another related door. If we imagine another door is bedroom door, bathroom door or anything else which is still in the house. People do not realize that browsing is the applying of hypertext because of the way is similar. “Hypertext is a structural text” (Hardman 359). It is not linear reading but has many related branch to read. If we read only with a source it is not considered enough to enrich our knowledge. That is the point of the hypertext it self, develops our reading knowledge.

After all, there is a question that wonder why browsing should become the way to apply hypertext and the effect it can sharpen our literacy? Does there is no other way except browsing? Well, browsing is the famous term which less people know it relationship with our reading behavior. They just know the name but do not know the other purpose of it, but they still enjoy it whether actually there is a meaning behind the browsing term or not. No one bother about that, they just want to have fun with all of the stuff on the internet. So, browsing is their way to explore their necessary. As I said before, browsing is the starting point and the activity process in finding or moving out to other link that we want because without browsing we cannot find out information. Just imagine, we need other reference but we do not want to move to other source by clicking the link. So, why browsing is very important because it is the act to do something that the impact we find new source and it is useful for our data. It seems sustainable, right? If we do not do an act to browse a link to find another link, it cannot be said that we had applied hypertext but who care about that? Meanwhile we had applied it, even though we realize or not.

So that I do believe, especially every student has ever done some browsing on the internet. Just asked them, do they know the fact that actually they had applied hypertext? That is why I said that browsing is the way to apply hypertext and sharpen our literacy by the information. Then what is the relationship between browsing on the internet with sharpen our literacy? Well, in browsing information we consume many texts which is provides by the browser. On the internet we are not browsing or finding the information only, like or dislike we are also read some text that we found to make sure that the data is right or even to read the title of the sources or the explanation about the information. That process makes us accustomed in reading process. If we do that consequently, it will give big influence about our knowledge. There, we learn how to comprehend a text and consume it then produce it as a new knowledge. Even though we do not do that consequently, I am sure that it will establish new point of view that will be useful for us.

Event though browsing is indivisible way from hypertext because it is categorized as online reading; there is another chosen in traditional way to read a text book that is Encyclopedia book. It contains different source or information in it, does not it also has lots of sources? Still, it can be used in traditional way but do not we need information quickly? We do not have much time to find some books in the library manually. When we choose some book from one shelf to other shelf until we find out the right book, does it too long? While on the internet we can browse it faster, just type it on the search engine and tada!! We get our sources with lots of link that lead us into other sources. By doing that, we can save our time and find lots of source. Then on the internet we can know about the hot issues around our country, because through it we cannot be outdated from the new information.

Browsing becomes the first choice in finding sources faster because it is known by easiest way and has many variations in the chosen. We cannot be lost the source on the internet because we can get back to the first sources, which are the advantages in browsing and using internet. Indirectly by browsing the data or files on the internet, we had applied hypertext concept and it sharpen our literacy by our self because “we learn, comprehend and interact with the internet and technology independently” (selfe 256). Beside that, we can enrich our knowledge as much as we want because knowledge is no limitation. Whether we find it on the internet or in a book, just do what the most comfortable for your necessary and which one do you like? Browsing on the internet with many advantages or reading a book with other advantages too. Just choose it because it is our chosen and make a wise decision in enlarge our knowledge because there is many ways to explore our self by knowledge and we can find it in everywhere.

Work Cited:
Hardman, L. Hypertext. Ed. Jacob L Mey. Elsevier, 1998. Print
Coiro, Julie. Expanding Our Understanding of Reading Comprehension to Encompass New Literacies. Reading Comprehension on the Internet. February. 2003. Web. 2 July 2010.
Smith, Adrian. Browsing the Internet: An introduction. Norwegian School of Veterinary Science. Web. 4 July 2010.

Hypertext by L. Hardman Summarizing

The modernization of technology is one of the reasons why hypertext becomes so popular at this time. People need to access the information in a faster and easier way. Hypertext provides us a lot of reference choices, so that it will be easy to access much information from different sources. Paper document will be replaced by the hypertext because it is considered as the best way to get much information in an access. The problem is even though many people used hypertext for their information necessity it still needs for granted.

Hypertext is kind of nodes that contain of text, which is connected by links. These links took the reader into every text that they want, so the reader will not only focus on one source but all of sources. There are three people who thought about and tried to create the device that can allow their hypertext ideas. Vannevar Bush is the first one who appeared the concept about hypertext in his article ‘As we may think’ in 1945. He creates a device called the ‘Memex’ it tied the text or the information together.

The second is in the early 1960’s Douglas Englebart also had the same idea, so he creates a system called NLS (oN-Line system) that later renamed to be Augment. The device has various hypertexts that allow information to be crossed-reference. At the same period, finally the hypertext term was coined y Ted Nelson. He wants the document is available for everyone and they not only can connect it by using the link but also can use it and make their own self link, so he creates a device system called Xanadu.


Hypertext is not only considered as a text, but also it can be in other media such as video, sound, graphic and animation and it is called hypermedia. There are six features that characterize hypertext systems; Guid, HyperCard, hyperties, intermedia, KMS and NoteCards. These are the commercial systems and have each feature. The first is Frame versus Document, here three of the devices are included as a frame window; HyperCard, hyperties and KMS because those devices has fixed size and number while Guide, Intermedia and NoteCards called Documents that has different size on the screen and the contents of the window which can be scrolled.

The second is Link Source and Destination; in this case, the link has a connection to the destination that the links in HyperCard, hyperties and KMS have as their destination the whole frame, while the links’ destination in Guide and Intermedia are words or phrases. The third is Link markers, it is used as a sign for the readers to know where the links on the screen. Intermedia and KMS have a special symbol of the link, Guide and hyperties have different text style or highlight text to differentiate the links, while NoteCards draw a special box of the links. The last is Miscellaneous Features; some links had different style in informing the reader about the text such as hyperties document let the reader read short information about the text first to give a description about the text and then intermedia linked item into some multiple destinations that had some choice of the different text, and other such as intermedia and NoteCard displayed the information about the text graphically.

Why hypertext becomes so familiar in this period because it is considered can fulfill people’s necessity about the information by using hypertext. The reader can explore and enrich whatever text that they need. When a student looks for the information in the internet, then he entered a specific key word into Goggle search so the result is the Google will give a lot of connected text so that the student will get a lot of sources for his information. For the future hypertext as a structured text that has a lot of connection sources will replace the paper that is thought as a linear document that read only in a source without any other reference. Even though hypertext still need for granted I am absolutely sure it will be granted soon.

Thinking outside the box: Edward de Bono’s Lateral Thinking Summarizing

Based on de Bono’s hypothesis that Human Brain is an information –processor, it means every information that comes into the brain will be automatically processed. The established cognitive pattern of human brain that have a sequent pattern will be disrupted by the lateral thinking so as the result the habitual way thought will create new opinion. The process of insight itself is a process to produce expected outcome while the lateral thinking purpose is to build a new picture about the way thinking as habitual from expected to be an unexpected result.
According to de Bono’s opinion, I catch that there are two creativity, the first is a creativity that belongs to the people itself that exist as the way it is (crazy creativity) and the second is the creativity that exist because of the learning process (serious creativity). Crazy creativity is kind of gift talent and serious creativity is a process that allows people to be relax, comfortable, and they can remove the inhibition, by learning process. Lateral thinking comes up as a proof to against the assumption that “some people was born creative while other are not”, because everyone can be creative, as if they want to change their sequent thought pattern into creative thinking.
The dilemma of our whole thinking culture is the assumption that said every valuable creative idea always be logical in hindsight, so the creative idea that is not logical in hindsight cannot be accept has a valuable. I think creativity cannot be measure into logical or not because creativity is free and not limited. The most important think is we dare to escape from the ordinary, be different and thought as free as we can.
Brain has a connection to the creativity because as I have explained about de Bono’s hypothesis about human brain it as the main information-processor. If the main information has sequent cognitive pattern it will not be creative because the way it thinking is monotone. It will be different if the brain has a lateral thinking because the disruption creates a new point of view.

Bekasi’s Sport Stadium Vs Unwell-provided facilities

Just now, in Bekasi people realize that being healthy is one of the most important things in this life. While they want to keep it but there are no facilities to support their enthusiast. People need a sport arena that is supported many good and clean facilities. In this case, those are facilities are good in condition of the building and clean from baggage. Even though the government provided us a stadium for sport arena but the problem is the government does not provide good and clean facilities.
As you can see when you come to the sport stadium. How the building of the stadium is looks like? The untreated old building with the faded paint gives a dreadful impression to the people. It makes people think whether the government care about the condition or not. When I interviewed some of the people there, they gave many complains to the government. For instance, Rio, he plays basketball as his hobby and has used the basketball hall for three years. He complains about the bad facilities there, especially the basketball hall. For three years, it has been damage, dirty and untreated while there is no reaction from the government to renovate it. He hopes the government will give a better improvement to the sport stadium facilities.
The unsightly building is the first reason people blame the government for this lack, because to go sporting, they need comfortable facilities. It means a clean place and a good condition of the building. They do not need a luxury sport stadium, so the government should not renovate it to be like that. They just need it clean from baggage and repaint the building, so that the building will not give a dreadful impression anymore to them. Just imagine when they sport on the middle of the dirty, bad smell and unattractive building it will not bring calm-minded and the pleasure to sport but uncomfortable feeling. Even though staying healthy is a necessity, but it also needs a healthy sport stadium to.
Another complains is about the basic facility, which is no clean toilet. Every building has been bad in condition, smell and damage toilet. When I interviewed some visitors, they said the same things. The first one is Uka, he came to the sport stadium enjoying the fresh air and walking around the stadium. He said that “he appreciates to the government because of the stadium existence. The sport stadium becomes a lung of Bekasi’s city but unfortunately the government misses the important thing that is no clean toilet in every facility, he hopes the stadium will be better for the future.” It was same to the others' visitors that were the students from the senior high school. They said that “it is too difficult for them to find a clean toilet there, and they also hope the government will care about this problem.” See that, from those complains there is only one impression that I catch from the government, they do not care about it because no reaction to solve it faster and to show us that the government really serious in solving it.
It may be a simple thing but in fact, it has a big role. For example, when some visitor comes to sport that caused them sweated such as plays basketball, volleyball or football they absolutely need to go to the toilet even though for washing their face from it. On the other hand, if suddenly they need to pee or defecate, where they should go? If every building has damage and no clean toilet, should they go to the people’s house around of the stadium to find it? See what I mean? It is really needed for the visitors’ comfortable. Well, the toilet becomes so dirty and untreated because there is no cleaner, is not it? So, to solve this problem the sport stadium just needed a cleaner and the government should provide it.
Okay, maybe the focus of the government is not about the well providing facilities but the number of the visitors. The government tries to interest visitors not only to sport but also as a recreation place for family. In weekends, the visitors who come to the stadium are not only having sport but also recreation, shopping and refreshing with their family. As you can see, in weekends the stadium is changed to be a temporary market. This market always opens from the early morning. It provided every kind of trader; the visitors can find kinds of souvenir there, then kinds of delicious food and many cheaper clothes. The visitors who ride a motorcycle are only paying Rp.1000, 00 for a ticket, while the others who do not ride a motorcycle are free. This strategy is successful. Many visitors come to the stadium, although for doing sport or not.

Well, I admit that the strategy is very successful. Focusing on the number of the visitors is not a bad idea, because it can be a measure to know the visitor’s interesting to come to the stadium, whether they come to do sport or not. But, I think it must be supported by considering the visitor’s comfortable. In this case, the government should provide the facilities itself. Even though the visitors are not complaining directly to the government, but I am absolutely sure that actually they really need better facilities in the stadium. In fact, the problem is not the number of the visitors because as I have said before in the beginning, being healthy is important. The people will do the sport to keep their healthy while the government had provided a stadium as a place to do that. So, with or without the strategy to interest the visitors to come to the stadium they will be always come to the stadium, because they need a place. So that, by considering this point, the government should be able provide the best facilities to the visitors to give more attention about the well provided facilities. So, both of side; the government and the visitors are mutually beneficial.

Actually, the facilities do not have to be renovated for overall. If the consideration is the cost for renovating will be expensive. The most things that the government should do are to give more attention in managing the stadium. It means that the stadium should be watched and considered what a necessary for the visitors. I think the first and the second problem that appears to be the basic and important problem. It must be solved faster to show that the government is serious in solving it. If we consider on both problems, actually the government only provides the budget for buying the tint to paint the building that looks untreated, old with faded paint and for bad condition, smell and damage toilet the government should provide budget to pay some cleaner and repair the condition itself. Actually, the problem will be solved easier and cheaper if the consideration of the government is really to provide well facilities for the visitors. The most last important thing is it should be balanced by the government commitment managing and watching the facilities’ order that for the next time the facilities’ problem will never exist anymore.

Gender and Language Summarizing K. M. McCormick

Based on McCormick explanation about Gender and Language the differences of language usage between male and female is not caused by the biological sex, because there is no relationship between sexes and language usages. It relates to something is called gender. Gender is a social and psychology category about male and female, how the way they should speak, speech, and behaves. It can be seeing from the historical perspective view about the relationship between language and gender that tends to judge where right and wrong is and other to describe both point of views and can be found from text written and the behavior in a sociality’s group. Then there are three points of view about research in Anthropology, sociology, psychology, sociolinguistic and discourse analysis in twentieth century, the first the contemporary societies give verbal expression about men and women perception in language attitudes, secondly describe the way the speaker based on the sex, and the last cause and effect they were described. In the late twentieth the work in language is the broader framework where there is a societal power that manages the speaking right whose granting and withholding to speak because there is a theory about voice whose heard will be representative and considered truthful while voice whose unheard will lose the speaking right because of their silence. It is supported in all societies, there is some individual or group have greater speaking right than other and a man is considered as the powerful in speaking right than women.
In this article McCormick gave some detail about gender distinction in using language. Economic, social activity and education are the influence of the distribution of role, ascription and achievement of status in all societies’ gender. In Rochefort’s study, he describes about arawak women who taught her daughter by her language, while her son prefers to use his father’s language. It showed different education in language even interfamily. Then in Bilingualism, Societal there is the differences in economic opportunity between men and women where if the women sell their wares the women should learn a language of wider use than are the men. In the seventeenth-century apart of Mongolia and South Africa there is a forbidden for women it’s called Taboo that is the women may not use or mention their husband names or the relative of their husband if it saw from social activity. According to Nichols 1983 in the earlier years women illiterate while men were not, if it saw in education. In other research, Labov and Trudgill has similar study about class stratification that is women language tends very refined than men, it showed the women status is high. Then for men, in Britain the pronunciation is associated with competence and intelligence qualities. The working class is considered have high value such as in humor and sincerity, and has masculine and toughness.

Bekasi’s Stadium Facilities

Nowadays, the societies’ zest about how important staying health is getting increase. It is caused by modernization that keep on developing in many cities which brings some bad effects in health, for instance in Bekasi. Many fast-foods like Burger, pizza, and many more that are provided as the second choice food that actually it is not good for health, moreover it can cause obesity. So, to balance that life style they need to do some sport. The societies not only need to know about how important staying health but also need a place that can support them doing activities which connect to sport, such as jogging, volley ball, fitness and many more. Now I am going to talk about Bekasi’s sport area and the facilities it self. In Bekasi, the government provides a place for sport area. It is called Bekasi’s Stadium. It is placed in Jend A Yani Street that becomes a center of sport that can be visited easily because it takes a place in a strategic area, which is in the center of Bekasi city. It is not only as a sport area but also as a lung city because it has a lot of green trees that makes that area fresher. Bekasi’s Stadium has some facilities, for example; swimming pool, fitness, badminton, football, basketball, roller skaters, karate’s area and many more. All of those are the facilities that support sport activities but since it was opened for public, societies’ enthusiast to come in Bekasi is going well. The functions it self becomes as a sport and recreation area. In working day, every afternoon the societies come for walking, looking around, and enjoying the calm wind and situation with their family there. While some PE (Physical Education) teachers are training their students in some subject, such as sprint, roller skaters, volley ball and many more. In another day, right on weekend Bekasi’s Stadium becomes a recreation place for family that wants to do some sport and recreation during the whole time. It is seemed with many visitors that come and the trader that is fulfilled the area, but the high enthusiast from public for doing sport and recreation in there does not support by appropriate facilities. The Bekasi’s Stadium that was built in 1980 now looks untreated well, some of the building looks old and impressed sinister place, even some of the visitors difficult to find out a clean toilet. I think Bekasi’s Stadium should be renovated, rearranged and provided appropriate facilities as a sport and recreation area, so that both of the functions can be optimized and applied and makes the visitors feel comfortable.

Based on my observation, in working day that is from Monday until Friday Bekasi’s Stadium will be visited by the visitors in the afternoon, some place doesn’t optimize well. First, the PE (Physical Education) teachers that is training his students prefer to train in a garden in front of Bekasi’s building than in a football field that takes place in front of it but I think it larger than the garden, so they should not wrecked the garden. When I asked the teacher he said that, “football field too larger for them and there is no forbidden not to train in this garden”. Secondly, much motorcycle park in everywhere and there is no certain security that disciplined those motorcycles. I think security is needed to discipline that area to make it is more safety and watched from people that can damage the facilities building and fence for example; drawing on the wall of the building. It is different with the area beside roller skaters field. It is used sometimes as a football mini for elementary school and volleyball. It is better than others because it can be used for multiple purposes. But I think it should be decided what kind of sport it is, so it will not interfere another sport when it is used at the same time. Thirdly, there is a place that quieter than others because in that place less of peddler. The peddler should stay in certain sport area in the same count to reduce some parts of Bekasi’s Stadium that quieter and some parts that more crowded. On the other hand in weekend the football area is used as a parking area, should I call it as a multiple purposes area to? I do not think so, I think than it is only used as a parking area in weekend and in working day is seldom used why it do not renovate for the parking area. So everyone will not park their motorcycle in everywhere in working day, it is more optimize is not? then for family facilities, to add their interesting comes in Bekasi’s Stadium it should be added by an outbound activity in weekend for recreation, while for the trader that is fulfilled in the bank of the way should be given special place for them and will not interfere visitors that pass the way by riding bicycle even walking.

In another time, when I had interviewed some visitors that consist of some man, senior high school student and man or woman that use basket ball room they were complained about untreated well of the building in there. Some said that they can’t find out a clean toilet and wish it will be repaired for their comfortable and wish to the government to give extra attention for better facilities. Just imagine, when everyone needs to go to toilet but the toilets smell bad, damage, and unclean it will be disappointed. Where are they should find out the alternative toilet? So, to repair it each building should have some clean toilet. Then for the sport room they said that the room is what it looks like, it had been from a long time like that and no changing. So that’s why it needs to be renovated, rearranged and to bring good retribution for athletes, because they also need good facilities to support them in reaching achievements.

The concerns to repair Bekasi’s Stadium facilities should be focus and continuity because it will useless if it renovate and rearrange but after that untreated anymore, it just spend a lot of time and money without benefit from the renovation and rearrange. Focus it means the government should repair all of the building without missing one building or one facility. Then for continuity, it is not only once renovate and rearrange then there is no concern that is to continue increasing the usage of the facilities. The government it self should mobilized extra personnel in maintaining the stadium so that the employee that work there especially in weekend to control the situation that so crowded. Whereas for providing new and having fun building to increase the societies interest in recreation function should be surely maintaining, because if it is weak in maintaining Bekasi’s Stadium will lose in usage again. So that renovated, rearranged and provided appropriate facilities as a sport and recreation area will concrete the functions can be optimized and applied and makes the visitors feel comfortable but if it is without well maintaining, will give effects to the comfortable societies that use Bekasi’s Stadium as a sport and recreation area.